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Series: Pigsty

  1. Pigsty v0.3: First Public Beta

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 108 words 1 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.3: First Public Beta

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.3.0 Pigsty v0.3.0 is the very first public preview. It packages a lean observability stack plus a reproducible offline bundle so you can spin up a real PostgreSQL lab without touching …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.3.0 Pigsty v0.3.0 is the very first public preview. It packages a lean observability stack plus a reproducible offline bundle so you can spin up a real PostgreSQL lab without touching …

  2. Pigsty v0.4: PG13 and Better Docs

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 167 words 1 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.4: PG13 and Better Docs

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.4.0 Pigsty v0.4 is our second public beta. The observability stack was rebuilt around Grafana 7.3, and ten curated dashboards became the default open-source payload. pg_exporter 0.3.1 …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.4.0 Pigsty v0.4 is our second public beta. The observability stack was rebuilt around Grafana 7.3, and ten curated dashboards became the default open-source payload. pg_exporter 0.3.1 …

  3. Pigsty v0.5: Declarative DB Templates

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 680 words 4 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.5: Declarative DB Templates

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.5.0 v0.5.0 Outline The official docs site (http://pigsty.cc/) is live. Database templating becomes fully declarative: define users, roles, databases, ACLs, extensions, and schemas in …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.5.0 v0.5.0 Outline The official docs site (http://pigsty.cc/) is live. Database templating becomes fully declarative: define users, roles, databases, ACLs, extensions, and schemas in …

  4. Pigsty v0.6: Provisioning Upgrades

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 202 words 1 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.6: Provisioning Upgrades

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.6.0 Pigsty v0.6 responds to user feedback with a redesigned provisioning path plus a monitoring stack that can sit beside any managed PG fleet—even a MyBase cluster built elsewhere. Bug …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.6.0 Pigsty v0.6 responds to user feedback with a redesigned provisioning path plus a monitoring stack that can sit beside any managed PG fleet—even a MyBase cluster built elsewhere. Bug …

  5. Pigsty v0.7: Monitor-Only Deployments

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 270 words 2 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.7: Monitor-Only Deployments

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.7.0 Pigsty v0.7 focuses on plugging existing fleets into Pigsty’s observability stack. The new monitor-only flow lets you drop Pigsty dashboards onto databases that were provisioned …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.7.0 Pigsty v0.7 focuses on plugging existing fleets into Pigsty’s observability stack. The new monitor-only flow lets you drop Pigsty dashboards onto databases that were provisioned …

  6. Pigsty v0.8: Service Provisioning

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 183 words 1 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.8: Service Provisioning

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.8.0 v0.8 finalizes the provisioning API. Services are completely rebuilt: instead of a hard-coded primary/replica pair you can now declare any number of services, plug in HAProxy, swap …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.8.0 v0.8 finalizes the provisioning API. Services are completely rebuilt: instead of a hard-coded primary/replica pair you can now declare any number of services, plug in HAProxy, swap …

  7. Pigsty v0.9: CLI + Logs

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 262 words 2 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v0.9: CLI + Logs

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.9.0 New Stuff One-liner install: curl -fsSL https://pigsty.cc/install | bash bootstraps everything. pigsty-cli: wraps the common Ansible playbooks so you stop copy-pasting command …

    GitHub Release: https://github.com/pgsty/pigsty/releases/tag/v0.9.0 New Stuff One-liner install: curl -fsSL https://pigsty.cc/install | bash bootstraps everything. pigsty-cli: wraps the common Ansible playbooks so you stop copy-pasting command …

  8. Pigsty v1.0: GA Release with Monitoring Overhaul

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1422 words 7 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.0: GA Release with Monitoring Overhaul

    GitHub Release | Release Note After over a year of iterations and refinement, Pigsty officially ships v1.0.0 GA. Pigsty (/ˈpɪɡˌstaɪ/) stands for PostgreSQL In Graphic STYle — PostgreSQL, visualized. What is Pigsty? Pigsty is a batteries-included …

    GitHub Release | Release Note After over a year of iterations and refinement, Pigsty officially ships v1.0.0 GA. Pigsty (/ˈpɪɡˌstaɪ/) stands for PostgreSQL In Graphic STYle — PostgreSQL, visualized. What is Pigsty? Pigsty is a batteries-included …

  9. Pigsty v1.1: Homepage, Jupyter, Pev2, PgBadger

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 956 words 5 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.1: Homepage, Jupyter, Pev2, PgBadger

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.1 is officially released, featuring a brand-new homepage design, plus support for JupyterLab, PGWeb, PEV2, PgBadger, and other useful tools. Brand New Homepage The Home Dashboard in Grafana has long served as …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.1 is officially released, featuring a brand-new homepage design, plus support for JupyterLab, PGWeb, PEV2, PgBadger, and other useful tools. Brand New Homepage The Home Dashboard in Grafana has long served as …

  10. Pigsty v1.2: PG14 Default, Monitor Existing PG

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 727 words 4 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.2: PG14 Default, Monitor Existing PG

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.2 is officially released, making PostgreSQL 14 the default version and adding support for monitoring existing database instances independently. PostgreSQL 14 Becomes the Default PostgreSQL 14 was released last …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.2 is officially released, making PostgreSQL 14 the default version and adding support for monitoring existing database instances independently. PostgreSQL 14 Becomes the Default PostgreSQL 14 was released last …

  11. Pigsty v1.3: Redis Support, PGCAT Overhaul, PGSQL Enhancements

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 653 words 4 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.3: Redis Support, PGCAT Overhaul, PGSQL Enhancements

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.3 is officially released, featuring Redis support, a rebuilt PGCAT application, and enhanced PGSQL monitoring. Redis Support While PostgreSQL is the world’s most advanced open-source relational database, every …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.3 is officially released, featuring Redis support, a rebuilt PGCAT application, and enhanced PGSQL monitoring. Redis Support While PostgreSQL is the world’s most advanced open-source relational database, every …

  12. Pigsty v1.4: Modular Architecture, MatrixDB Data Warehouse Support

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 2179 words 11 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.4: Modular Architecture, MatrixDB Data Warehouse Support

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.4 is officially released! A brand new modular architecture: four built-in modules INFRA, NODES, PGSQL, REDIS can be used independently and freely combined; new MatrixDB time-series data warehouse deployment …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.4 is officially released! A brand new modular architecture: four built-in modules INFRA, NODES, PGSQL, REDIS can be used independently and freely combined; new MatrixDB time-series data warehouse deployment …

  13. Pigsty v1.5: Docker Application Support, Infrastructure Self-Monitoring

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 2239 words 11 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v1.5: Docker Application Support, Infrastructure Self-Monitoring

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.5 is officially released! Complete Docker support brings a rich application ecosystem — countless database-backed software works out of the box! Other improvements include: infrastructure self-monitoring, …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v1.5 is officially released! Complete Docker support brings a rich application ecosystem — countless database-backed software works out of the box! Other improvements include: infrastructure self-monitoring, …

  14. Pigsty v2.0: Open-Source RDS PostgreSQL Alternative

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 3404 words 16 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.0: Open-Source RDS PostgreSQL Alternative

    GitHub Release | Release Note 2023/02/28, Pigsty v2.0.0 is officially released, bringing a series of major feature updates. PIGSTY now stands for “PostgreSQL In Great STYle” — PostgreSQL at its best. Pigsty’s positioning has also evolved from …

    GitHub Release | Release Note 2023/02/28, Pigsty v2.0.0 is officially released, bringing a series of major feature updates. PIGSTY now stands for “PostgreSQL In Great STYle” — PostgreSQL at its best. Pigsty’s positioning has also evolved from …

  15. Pigsty v2.1: Vector + Full PG Version Support!

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1224 words 6 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.1: Vector + Full PG Version Support!

    GitHub Release | Release Note Following PostgreSQL’s summer minor version updates and the release of PG 16 Beta, Pigsty closely tracks the PG community with the v2.1 release. This update supports PostgreSQL 16 Beta1 high availability and new …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Following PostgreSQL’s summer minor version updates and the release of PG 16 Beta, Pigsty closely tracks the PG community with the v2.1 release. This update supports PostgreSQL 16 Beta1 high availability and new …

  16. Pigsty v2.2: Monitoring System Reborn

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1767 words 9 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.2: Monitoring System Reborn

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v2.2 is here! The world’s most powerful PostgreSQL monitoring system receives an epic upgrade — completely rebuilt on Grafana v10, pushing PG observability to a whole new level with a dramatically improved user …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v2.2 is here! The world’s most powerful PostgreSQL monitoring system receives an epic upgrade — completely rebuilt on Grafana v10, pushing PG observability to a whole new level with a dramatically improved user …

  17. Pigsty v2.3: Richer App Ecosystem

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1507 words 8 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.3: Richer App Ecosystem

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v2.3 is here! This release further refines the monitoring system, enriches the application ecosystem, and keeps pace with PostgreSQL’s routine minor version updates (CVE fixes). Pigsty v2.3 follows PostgreSQL’s …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v2.3 is here! This release further refines the monitoring system, enriches the application ecosystem, and keeps pace with PostgreSQL’s routine minor version updates (CVE fixes). Pigsty v2.3 follows PostgreSQL’s …

  18. Pigsty v2.4: Monitor Cloud RDS

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 922 words 5 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.4: Monitor Cloud RDS

    GitHub Release | Release Note PostgreSQL released its new major version 16 today, bringing a series of improvements. Pigsty followed up within 1 hour of release with Pigsty v2.4, providing complete support for PostgreSQL 16 GA. Additionally, v2.4 …

    GitHub Release | Release Note PostgreSQL released its new major version 16 today, bringing a series of improvements. Pigsty followed up within 1 hour of release with Pigsty v2.4, providing complete support for PostgreSQL 16 GA. Additionally, v2.4 …

  19. Pigsty v2.5: Ubuntu & PG16

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1821 words 9 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.5: Ubuntu & PG16

    GitHub Release | Release Note On Programmer’s Day (10/24), Pigsty v2.5.0 is released! This version adds support for Ubuntu and Debian operating systems. Combined with existing EL7/8/9 support, we’ve achieved a grand slam of mainstream Linux …

    GitHub Release | Release Note On Programmer’s Day (10/24), Pigsty v2.5.0 is released! This version adds support for Ubuntu and Debian operating systems. Combined with existing EL7/8/9 support, we’ve achieved a grand slam of mainstream Linux …

  20. Pigsty v2.6: PostgreSQL Crashes the OLAP Party

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1757 words 9 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.6: PostgreSQL Crashes the OLAP Party

    GitHub Release | Release Note On the last day of February, Pigsty v2.6 is officially released! This version makes PostgreSQL 16 the default major version and introduces a series of new extensions, including ParadeDB and DuckDB, elevating …

    GitHub Release | Release Note On the last day of February, Pigsty v2.6 is officially released! This version makes PostgreSQL 16 the default major version and introduces a series of new extensions, including ParadeDB and DuckDB, elevating …

  21. Pigsty v2.7: The Extension Superpack

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 2170 words 11 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v2.7: The Extension Superpack

    GitHub Release | Release Note On 2024-05-20, Pigsty v2.7 is released. The number of available extensions in this version reaches an astonishing 255, successfully elevating PostgreSQL’s versatility to a new height! Additionally, we provide some new …

    GitHub Release | Release Note On 2024-05-20, Pigsty v2.7 is released. The number of available extensions in this version reaches an astonishing 255, successfully elevating PostgreSQL’s versatility to a new height! Additionally, we provide some new …

  22. Pigsty v3.0: Pluggable Kernels & 340 Extensions

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1600 words 8 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.0: Pluggable Kernels & 340 Extensions

    GitHub Release | Release Note Highlights Extension Explosion: Pigsty v3 ships an unprecedented 340 available PostgreSQL extensions. This includes 121 extension RPM packages and 133 DEB packages — more than the total extension count in the official …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Highlights Extension Explosion: Pigsty v3 ships an unprecedented 340 available PostgreSQL extensions. This includes 121 extension RPM packages and 133 DEB packages — more than the total extension count in the official …

  23. Pigsty v3.1: One-Click Supabase, PG17 Default, ARM & Ubuntu 24

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 2578 words 13 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.1: One-Click Supabase, PG17 Default, ARM & Ubuntu 24

    GitHub Release | Release Note With PostgreSQL 17.2 released just days ago, Pigsty immediately follows up with v3.1. In this version, PostgreSQL 17 becomes the default major version, with nearly 340 extensions available out of the box. Additionally, …

    GitHub Release | Release Note With PostgreSQL 17.2 released just days ago, Pigsty immediately follows up with v3.1. In this version, PostgreSQL 17 becomes the default major version, with nearly 340 extensions available out of the box. Additionally, …

  24. Pigsty v3.2: The pig CLI, Full ARM Support, Supabase & Grafana Enhancements

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1365 words 7 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.2: The pig CLI, Full ARM Support, Supabase & Grafana Enhancements

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty wraps up 2024 with its final release: v3.2. This release brings the pig command-line tool and complete ARM extension support. Together, they deliver silky-smooth PostgreSQL delivery across 10 major Linux …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty wraps up 2024 with its final release: v3.2. This release brings the pig command-line tool and complete ARM extension support. Together, they deliver silky-smooth PostgreSQL delivery across 10 major Linux …

  25. Pigsty v3.3: 404 Extensions, Turnkey Apps, New Website

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1179 words 6 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.3: 404 Extensions, Turnkey Apps, New Website

    GitHub Release | Release Note After two months of careful refinement, Pigsty v3.3 is officially released. As an open-source “batteries-included” PostgreSQL distribution, Pigsty aims to harness the collective power of the PG ecosystem, delivering a …

    GitHub Release | Release Note After two months of careful refinement, Pigsty v3.3 is officially released. As an open-source “batteries-included” PostgreSQL distribution, Pigsty aims to harness the collective power of the PG ecosystem, delivering a …

  26. Pigsty v3.4: PITR Enhancement, Locale Best Practices, Auto Certificates

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1656 words 8 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.4: PITR Enhancement, Locale Best Practices, Auto Certificates

    GitHub Release | Release Note After a month of intensive development, Pigsty v3.4 is officially released. This version features significant architectural optimizations, addressing several core concerns highly valued by users and customers: Restore …

    GitHub Release | Release Note After a month of intensive development, Pigsty v3.4 is officially released. This version features significant architectural optimizations, addressing several core concerns highly valued by users and customers: Restore …

  27. Pigsty v3.5: 4K Stars, PG18 Beta, 421 Extensions

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1584 words 8 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.5: 4K Stars, PG18 Beta, 421 Extensions

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.5 is officially released. The project has crossed the 4,000+ Star milestone on GitHub — a remarkable achievement for a database infrastructure project. This version brings a brand-new documentation website, …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.5 is officially released. The project has crossed the 4,000+ Star milestone on GitHub — a remarkable achievement for a database infrastructure project. This version brings a brand-new documentation website, …

  28. Pigsty v3.6: The Ultimate PostgreSQL Distribution

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1955 words 10 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.6: The Ultimate PostgreSQL Distribution

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.6 is officially released. After two months of careful refinement, this will be the last major version before v4.0, featuring extensive refactoring and improvements that lay a solid foundation for building the …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.6 is officially released. After two months of careful refinement, this will be the last major version before v4.0, featuring extensive refactoring and improvements that lay a solid foundation for building the …

  29. Pigsty v3.7: Magneto Award and PG18 Ready

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1329 words 7 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v3.7: Magneto Award and PG18 Ready

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.7.0 is officially released, bringing complete production-grade PostgreSQL 18 support and support for four new operating systems: Debian 13 and EL 10 across both x86_64/ARM64 architectures. Extension count has …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v3.7.0 is officially released, bringing complete production-grade PostgreSQL 18 support and support for four new operating systems: Debian 13 and EL 10 across both x86_64/ARM64 architectures. Extension count has …

  30. Pigsty v4.0: Into the AI Era

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 4956 words 24 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.0: Into the AI Era

    Pigsty v4.0 is here! This is a milestone release. Pigsty is a batteries-included, open-source, local-first PostgreSQL distribution. It lets you spin up enterprise-grade PostgreSQL services without a dedicated DBA — monitoring, backup, HA, IaC, …

    Pigsty v4.0 is here! This is a milestone release. Pigsty is a batteries-included, open-source, local-first PostgreSQL distribution. It lets you spin up enterprise-grade PostgreSQL services without a dedicated DBA — monitoring, backup, HA, IaC, …

  31. Pigsty v4.1: Speed Is the Moat

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 1950 words 10 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.1: Speed Is the Moat

    GitHub Release | Release Note If there is one takeaway from this release, it is that speed matters. On February 12, 2026, the PostgreSQL community released 18.2 / 17.8 / 16.12 / 15.16 / 14.21 on the regular minor cadence. As far as I could tell, the …

    GitHub Release | Release Note If there is one takeaway from this release, it is that speed matters. On February 12, 2026, the PostgreSQL community released 18.2 / 17.8 / 16.12 / 15.16 / 14.21 on the regular minor cadence. As far as I could tell, the …

  32. Pigsty v4.2: 12 Kernels in Bloom

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 3598 words 17 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.2: 12 Kernels in Bloom

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.2 is officially released, hot on the heels of PostgreSQL’s emergency out-of-band minor updates. This release ships three brand-new PG kernels — the graph database AgensGraph, the multi-master distributed …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.2 is officially released, hot on the heels of PostgreSQL’s emergency out-of-band minor updates. This release ships three brand-new PG kernels — the graph database AgensGraph, the multi-master distributed …

  33. Pigsty v4.3: 510 Extensions & Ubuntu 26

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 2788 words 14 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.3: 510 Extensions & Ubuntu 26

    Pigsty v4.3 is out. If v4.2 was about “twelve kernels”, v4.3 is about extension density. This release takes the supported PostgreSQL extension count from 460 to 510, a new high-water mark for Pigsty. Ubuntu 26.04 enters the support matrix, while …

    Pigsty v4.3 is out. If v4.2 was about “twelve kernels”, v4.3 is about extension density. This release takes the supported PostgreSQL extension count from 460 to 510, a new high-water mark for Pigsty. Ubuntu 26.04 enters the support matrix, while …

  34. Pigsty v4.4: From Integration to Distribution

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 3726 words 18 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.4: From Integration to Distribution

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.4 is officially out. On the surface, this is a routine maintenance release: PostgreSQL 18.4, 531 extensions, a PostgreSQL 19 beta, and 14 validated offline installation artifacts. The changes really worth …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.4 is officially out. On the surface, this is a routine maintenance release: PostgreSQL 18.4, 531 extensions, a PostgreSQL 19 beta, and 14 validated offline installation artifacts. The changes really worth …

  35. Pigsty v4.5: 575 Extensions, Silo, Valkey, Kafka, and MySQL

    By Ruohang Feng In PIGSTY 3161 words 15 min

    Ruohang FengPigstyPigsty

    Pigsty v4.5: 575 Extensions, Silo, Valkey, Kafka, and MySQL

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.5 is officially out. At the end of the previous release, I said there might be a transitional v4.5 before 5.0. Here it is—except this “transitional” release ended up more packed than many full-fledged major …

    GitHub Release | Release Note Pigsty v4.5 is officially out. At the end of the previous release, I said there might be a transitional v4.5 before 5.0. Here it is—except this “transitional” release ended up more packed than many full-fledged major …